Several advanced visualization techniques are employed in catalysis research:
- Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): These techniques provide atomic-scale resolution images of catalyst surfaces, allowing researchers to study surface morphology and active sites. - Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): TEM offers high-resolution images of catalyst nanoparticles and their distribution, helping to elucidate the structure and composition of catalysts. - X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS): This technique provides information about the electronic structure and local environment of specific elements within the catalyst. - Neutron Scattering: Used to probe the atomic and magnetic structure of materials, neutron scattering is particularly useful for studying catalysts containing light elements like hydrogen. - In-situ and Operando Techniques: These methods allow the observation of catalysts under actual reaction conditions, providing real-time insights into the catalytic processes.
