XPS has a wide range of applications in catalysis, including: - Characterizing Metal Oxides: Used to study the surface composition and oxidation states of metal oxides, which are common catalysts. - Investigating Supported Catalysts: Helps to understand the distribution and chemical state of active metal species on support materials. - Studying Catalytic Reactions: Monitors changes in the surface composition of catalysts during reactions, providing insights into reaction mechanisms. - Analyzing Catalyst Deactivation: Identifies the causes of catalyst deactivation by examining changes in the surface chemistry over time.
