The understanding of catalytic processes has significantly evolved from the early 19th century to now. Initially, catalysis was a purely empirical science, driven by trial and error. However, with advancements in quantum chemistry and computational methods, it has become possible to predict catalytic behavior with greater accuracy. The evolution has also been marked by the transition from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysis, and now to more advanced concepts like enzyme catalysis and photocatalysis.
